基于ERNIE实现GLUE各项任务

1. 实验内容

本实验将使用ERNIE对NLP领域中的经典任务GLUE数据集进行fine-tuning, GLUE数据集中包含多项子数据集，现整理如下：

图1 GLUE数据集描述图

2. 数据加载

由于PaddleNLP中已经集成好了GLUE数据集，所以本实验直接调用PaddleNLP中的load_dataset API加载数据集。这里我们将定一个函数load_glue_sub_data,其将用来帮助我们方便的加载GLUE各个子项数据集。

另外，我们整理了GLUE数据集中各个子项任务的类型glue_task_type，以及分类的标签数量glue_task_num_labels。

import random
import numpy as np
from functools import partial
from paddlenlp.data import Stack, Tuple, Pad
from utils.data_processor import convert_example, create_dataloader

import paddle
import paddlenlp
from paddlenlp.datasets import load_dataset
from paddlenlp.transformers import LinearDecayWithWarmup



glue_tasks = ["cola", "sst-2", "sts-b", "qqp", "mnli", "qnli", "rte", "wnli", "mrpc"]

glue_tasks_num_labels = {
    "cola": 2,
    "sst-2": 2,
    "sts-b": 1,
    "qqp": 2,
    "mnli": 3,
    "qnli": 2,
    "rte": 2,
    "wnli": 3,
    "mrpc": 2
}

glue_task_type = {
    "cola": "classification",
    "sst-2": "classification",
    "sts-b": "regression" ,
    "qqp": "classification",
    "mnli": "classification",
    "qnli": "classification",
    "rte": "classification",
    "wnli": "classification",
    "mrpc": "classification"
}

def load_glue_sub_data(name):
    if name not in glue_tasks:
        raise Exception("Name Error: name must in ", glue_tasks)
    
    splits = ("train", "dev")
    
    if name == "mnli":
        splits = ("train", "dev_matched")
    
    dataset = load_dataset("glue", name=name, splits=splits)

    return dataset

# task_name = "wnli"
# train, dev, test = load_glue_sub_data(task_name)
# print(test[:2])

3. 模型构建

这里我们将构建基于ERNIE模型进行序列分类/回归的类ErnieForSequenceClassification，它主要接受两个参数ernie模型和num_class，其中num_class用于指定各个子项任务的类别数量，其中回归任务默认为1。

class ErnieForSequenceClassification(paddle.nn.Layer):
    """
    Model for sentence (pair) classification task with ERNIE.
    """
    def __init__(self, ernie, num_class=2, dropout=None):
        super(ErnieForSequenceClassification, self).__init__()
        self.num_class = num_class
        self.ernie = ernie
        self.dropout = paddle.nn.Dropout(dropout if dropout is not None else self.ernie.config["hidden_dropout_prob"])
        self.classifier = paddle.nn.Linear(self.ernie.config["hidden_size"], num_class)

    def forward(self, input_ids, token_type_ids=None, position_ids=None, attention_mask=None):
        _, pooled_output = self.ernie(input_ids, token_type_ids=token_type_ids, position_ids=position_ids, attention_mask=attention_mask)
        pooled_output = self.dropout(pooled_output)
        logits = self.classifier(pooled_output)

        return logits

4. 训练配置

本节将进行设置模型训练需要的一些环境，包括超参数的定义，训练数据dataloader的构造，模型实例化，优化器的指定等等内容。其中超参定义时，我们针对某些参数，比如learning_rate，可根据不同子项任务进行调整。相应代码如下。

def set_seed(seed):
    """sets random seed"""
    random.seed(seed)
    np.random.seed(seed)
    paddle.seed(seed)

# 定义任务参数
task_name = "cola"
model_name = "ernie-2.0-en"

# 定义超参数
epochs={
    "cola":3,
    "sst-2":4,
    "sts-b":3,
    "qqp":3,
    "mnli":3,
    "qnli":4,
    "rte":4,
    "wnli":4,
    "mrpc":4

}

learning_rate={
    "cola":3e-5,
    "sst-2":2e-5,
    "sts-b":5e-5,
    "qqp":3e-5,
    "mnli":3e-5,
    "qnli":2e-5,
    "rte":2e-5,
    "wnli":2e-5,
    "mrpc":3e-5
}

batch_size=32
warmup_proportion = 0.1
weight_decay = 0.01
max_seq_length= 128


# 设置环境
set_seed(0)
paddle.set_device("gpu:0")

# 加载和处理数据
train_ds, dev_ds  = load_glue_sub_data(task_name)

tokenizer = paddlenlp.transformers.ErnieTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_name)
trans_func = partial(convert_example, task_name=task_name, tokenizer=tokenizer, max_seq_length=max_seq_length)
batchify_fn =  lambda samples, fn=Tuple(
    Pad(axis=0, pad_val=tokenizer.pad_token_type_id), # input
    Pad(axis=0, pad_val=tokenizer.pad_token_type_id), # segment
    Stack(dtype="int64") if glue_task_type[task_name]=="classification" else Stack(dtype="float32") # label
): [data for data in fn(samples)]

train_data_loader = create_dataloader(train_ds, mode="train", batch_size=batch_size[task_name], batchify_fn=batchify_fn, trans_fn=trans_func)
dev_data_loader = create_dataloader(dev_ds, mode="dev", batch_size=batch_size[task_name], batchify_fn=batchify_fn, trans_fn=trans_func)

# 模型实例化
ernie_model = paddlenlp.transformers.ErnieModel.from_pretrained(model_name)
model = ErnieForSequenceClassification(ernie_model, num_class=glue_tasks_num_labels[task_name])

# 设置lr_scheduler
num_training_steps = len(train_data_loader) * epochs[task_name]
lr_scheduler = LinearDecayWithWarmup(learning_rate[task_name], num_training_steps, warmup_proportion)
optimizer = paddle.optimizer.AdamW(
    learning_rate=lr_scheduler,
    parameters=model.parameters(),
    weight_decay=weight_decay,
    apply_decay_param_fun=lambda x: x in [
        p.name for n, p in model.named_parameters()
        if not any(nd in n for nd in ["bias", "norm"])
    ])

100%|██████████| 369/369 [00:00<00:00, 5040.16it/s]
[2021-08-19 11:27:41,116] [    INFO] - Downloading vocab.txt from https://paddlenlp.bj.bcebos.com/models/transformers/ernie_v2_base/vocab.txt
100%|██████████| 227/227 [00:00<00:00, 4079.07it/s]
[2021-08-19 11:27:41,265] [    INFO] - Downloading https://paddlenlp.bj.bcebos.com/models/transformers/ernie_v2_base/ernie_v2_eng_base.pdparams and saved to /home/aistudio/.paddlenlp/models/ernie-2.0-en
[2021-08-19 11:27:41,267] [    INFO] - Downloading ernie_v2_eng_base.pdparams from https://paddlenlp.bj.bcebos.com/models/transformers/ernie_v2_base/ernie_v2_eng_base.pdparams
100%|██████████| 427692/427692 [00:06<00:00, 68215.99it/s]

5. 模型训练与评估

在以上训练环境准备完成之后，我们就可以进行开始训练了，其中在训练过程中，每训练1轮，使用开发集进行评估一次。相关代码如下。

import paddle.nn.functional as F
from utils.metrics import compute_metrics

@paddle.no_grad()
def evaluate(model, data_loader, task_type="classification"):
    model.eval()
    losses = []
    preds = None
    out_labels = None
    for batch in data_loader:
        input_ids, token_type_ids, labels = batch
        logits = model(input_ids, token_type_ids)
        if task_type == "classification":
            loss = F.cross_entropy(logits, labels)
            losses.append(loss.numpy())

            if preds is None:
                preds = np.argmax(logits.detach().numpy(), axis=1).reshape([len(logits), 1])
                out_labels = labels.detach().numpy()
            else:
                preds = np.append(preds, np.argmax(logits.detach().numpy(), axis=1).reshape([len(logits), 1]), axis=0)
                out_labels = np.append(out_labels, labels.detach().numpy(), axis=0)
        else:
            loss = F.mse_loss(logits, labels)
            losses.append(loss.numpy())

            if preds is None:
                preds = logits.detach().numpy()
                out_labels = labels.detach().numpy()
            else:
                preds = np.append(preds, logits.detach().numpy(), axis=0)
                out_labels = np.append(out_labels, labels.detach().numpy(), axis=0)
    
    result = compute_metrics(task_name, preds.reshape(-1), out_labels.reshape(-1))
    print("evaluate result: ",result)

    model.train()


def do_train():
    model.train()
    for  epoch in range(1, epochs[task_name]+1):
        for step, batch in enumerate(train_data_loader, start=1):
            input_ids, segment_ids, labels = batch
            logits = model(input_ids, segment_ids)
            if glue_task_type[task_name] == "classification":
                loss = F.cross_entropy(logits, labels)
            else:
                loss = F.mse_loss(logits, labels)

            if step%20 == 0:
                print("epoch: {}/{}, step: {}/{}, loss: {} ".format(epoch, epochs[task_name], step, len(train_data_loader), loss.numpy()))
                
            loss.backward()
            optimizer.step()
            lr_scheduler.step()
            optimizer.clear_grad()
        
        evaluate(model, dev_data_loader, task_type=glue_task_type[task_name])

# 开始模型训练
do_train()

epoch: 1/3, step: 20/268, loss: [0.13451196] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 40/268, loss: [0.06055285] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 60/268, loss: [0.02542446] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 80/268, loss: [0.1956732] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 100/268, loss: [0.0759825] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 120/268, loss: [0.11043643] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 140/268, loss: [0.0810241] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 160/268, loss: [0.09277922] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 180/268, loss: [0.02443065] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 200/268, loss: [0.12841964] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 220/268, loss: [0.1023003] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 240/268, loss: [0.05106329] 
epoch: 1/3, step: 260/268, loss: [0.11647318] 
evaluate result:  {'mcc': 0.6244666931728993}
epoch: 2/3, step: 20/268, loss: [0.2604182] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 40/268, loss: [0.03504209] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 60/268, loss: [0.15183952] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 80/268, loss: [0.11418241] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 100/268, loss: [0.12136559] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 120/268, loss: [0.04706593] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 140/268, loss: [0.01597433] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 160/268, loss: [0.12209365] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 180/268, loss: [0.04617871] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 200/268, loss: [0.01696031] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 220/268, loss: [0.10801802] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 240/268, loss: [0.02620783] 
epoch: 2/3, step: 260/268, loss: [0.11894499] 
evaluate result:  {'mcc': 0.6244666931728993}
epoch: 3/3, step: 20/268, loss: [0.02899554] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 40/268, loss: [0.09603783] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 60/268, loss: [0.1549092] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 80/268, loss: [0.11537941] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 100/268, loss: [0.06026918] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 120/268, loss: [0.06986095] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 140/268, loss: [0.06762329] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 160/268, loss: [0.11107697] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 180/268, loss: [0.13259125] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 200/268, loss: [0.32414383] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 220/268, loss: [0.01820294] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 240/268, loss: [0.08801244] 
epoch: 3/3, step: 260/268, loss: [0.27648443] 
evaluate result:  {'mcc': 0.6244666931728993}

恭喜，当你看到这里的时候，就已经完成了基于ERNIE进行GLUE数据集训练的内容。相信聪明的你一定有所收获。

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# paddlepaddle # nlp # 自然语言处理
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